Great question!
No, EF and EF-S lenses are different. EF-S lenses are a subset of Canon lenses created specifically for APS-C (cropped sensor) cameras, and are not compatible with all Canon cameras. EF-S lenses have a white, square alignment marking while EF lenses have a red, circular alignment marking.
Thankfully, both EF and EF-S lenses are compatible with most Canon APS-C cameras. However, EF-S lenses are not compatible with Canon’s full frame cameras.
Before buying any lens for your camera, make sure it’s actually compatible!
This question is covered in the Foundations Course Lesson 1.4, Factors to Look For in a Lens.